【111年警大國境研究所】專業英文詳解
111年警大國境研究所專業英文解析
一、Vocabulary and Phrases into Chinese（20 分）
1. undergoverned spaces
治理之下的空間
2. conflict zones
衝突地區
3. trafficking for sexual exploitation
性方面的人口販運
4. governance-type of organized criminal groups
組織犯罪群體的統轄類型
5. extreme right-wing terrorism
極端右翼的恐怖主義
6. white supremacism
白人至上主義
7. violent conspiracy theorist
暴力陰謀的理論學者
8. coercion by economic means
經濟手段迫使手段
9. financial control and debt bondage
經濟控制和債務奴役
10. world capture and aquaculture production
世界捕捉和水產養殖生產
二、Translation（30 分）
Investigating patterns and vulnerabilities in trafficking for forced labour is extremely complex given its multi-dimensional nature that cuts across criminal activities, social norms, labour relations and the macroeconomic dynamics of different economic sectors.
Some elements that may contribute to the incidence of trafficking in
persons for forced labour emerge from the analysis presented above.
These elements include workers’ individual vulnerabilities, such as being
an undocumented migrant or lacking alternatives for income generation,
as well as structural dynamics connected with the working environment
itself, such as being low paid, labour intensive, short-term and/or dangerous. Further, some factors relate to the labour market, such as the presence of recruitment agencies or a limited labour supply. However, one element in particular seems to be a common pattern recorded in different forms of trafficking for forced labour: the drastically asymmetric relationship between employer and employee, resulting in a lack of realistic alternatives for workers other than to accept risky job offers and remain in exploitative labour situations.
為了強迫勞動而進行的人口販運形態和弱點，這一方面的調查過程極度複雜，原因在於多重維度的類別，且往往這一類都廣泛影響到不同經濟的好幾部分，像是犯罪活動，社會標準，勞動關係，以及宏觀經濟的動力學等因素。
根據上方的分析，部分因素導致了強迫性勞動進行的人口販運事件，像是名字沒被歸入檔案的移民，沒有其他替代品的收入來源，還有職場帶來的結構性變革動力，像是低薪，密集性勞動，短期打工和/或危險的環境。況且，一些因素和勞力市場，像是招募機構或者有限的勞力提供等都有關聯。然而，各種為了苦力勞動的不同形態人口販運當中，特別存在一項因素，那就是僱主和勞工之間的劇烈不對稱關係，這會造成勞工真實替代性的缺乏，而不是接受風險度高的工作崗位，也不是繼續保持剝削的情況。
三、Cloze Test and Reading Comprehension（20 分）
When studying migration and minorities it is vital to use statistical data, but it is also important to be (1) of the limitations of such data. Statistics are (2) in different ways, using different methods and different definitions by authorities of various countries. These can even(3) between different agencies within a single country. A key point is the difference between flow and stock figures. The flow of migrants is the migrants who enter a country (inflow, entries or immigration) in a given period (usually a year), or who leave the country (emigration, departures or outflow). The balance between these figures is known as (4) migration. The stock of migrants is the number present in a country on a specific date. Flow figures are useful for understanding trends in mobility, while stock figures help us to examine the (5) impact of migration on a given population.
要研究移民和少數民族間的關係，首先運用數據資料極為重要，但是要1._______檔案侷限的部分也很重要。統計數字也藉著不同方法，和各種國家政府當局的定義方法2______起來。在一個國家內甚至會在不同機構間3_______。關鍵點在於流動和庫存的數據，移民流動指的是一定時間內（通常一年）誰進入國家內（流進，進入，或者向內移民等方式），或者是誰離開國家（向外移民，離開或者外流）。這些數據的平衡性稱為4_______遷移率，移民數據的庫存指的是在一個國家在特定日期的數字，流動數量對於瞭解流動性的趨勢特別有用，而庫存數據能幫助我們檢視在一定人口中5_______的衝擊影響。
1. (A) realize (B) aware (C) understand (D) get
（A）瞭解 （B）察覺 （C）瞭解 （D）得到
2. (A) punctuated (B) numbered (C) collected (D) captured
（A）加上標點符號 （B）算進 （C）收集 （D）捕捉
3. (A) the same (B) authentic (C) calculated (D) vary
（A）相同 （B）真實的 （C）計算 （D）發生變化
4. (A) net (B) full (C) negative (D) positive
（A）凈（B）滿 （C）負面的 （D）正面的
5. (A) immediate (B) short-term (C) long-term (D) sudden
（A）立即 （B）短期 （C）長期 （D）突然
（二）Reading Comprehension
The security situation throughout Ukraine continues to be unpredictable, with active fighting inside many cities and other locations, and conditions may deteriorate as military attacks by Russia continue in various parts of the country without any warning. The U.S. Embassy urges U.S citizens in Ukraine to depart now using privately available transportation options if it is safe to do so. Careful consideration should be made to routes and the risks of travel because Ukraine’s roads are in many cases crowded, exposed to combat operations, and infrastructure such as bridges in some locations has been destroyed. Sheltering in place may remain the best option for some U.S. citizens wishing to depart Ukraine by land have several options. We understand that most border crossings into Poland and all main crossing points into Moldova are severely backed up and some are experiencing extremely long wait times (well over 30 hours in some cases). We recommend that, if possible, U.S. citizens consider redirecting to border crossings with Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia, which are currently experiencing lower wait times to cross.
伴隨著多數城市和其他地點的不消停戰鬥，整座烏克蘭境內的安全處境至今仍不可預測，俄羅斯若持續在各種地點進行軍事進攻，整體情況將會惡化。也因此美國大使館呼籲烏克蘭內部的美國民眾，若是情勢安全，就藉著安全可用的交通方式逃離此國家，另外由於烏克蘭道路面臨堵塞，暴露在戰場中，像是部分地點橋樑之類的公共設施已被摧毀，他們應該事先考慮到前進路程的路線和風險。對那些想經由陸地逃離此區域的美國公民而言，躲在庇護所內會是最好的選擇，他們有好幾種選擇，我們瞭解通往波蘭和摩爾多瓦的國境主要穿越路線，都充斥著大量的堵車情況，他們都需要等待極為長久的時間（在某些特例中需要等待30小時以上）。若有可能的話，我們推薦美國居民再重新定向道路，考慮穿越別的國境，且能夠直達匈牙利，羅馬尼亞，斯洛伐克，在這些國家等待穿越國境的耗費時間較短。
6. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(A) Ukraine land border crossing options
(B) Russian invasion of Ukraine
(C) Refugees in Ukraine
(D) New regulation for the war
此文的最佳主旨是？
（A）穿越烏克蘭國境的選擇
（B）俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭
（C）烏克蘭的難民
（D）戰爭的新規定
7. The underlined word “deteriorate” in the passage is closest in meaning
to
(A) become better
(B) become worse
(C) as usual
(D) be similar
文章中，“惡化”一詞最接近以下哪一個選項的意思？
（A）變好 （B）變壞 （C）一如既往 （D）類似
8. The underlined expression “severely backed up” in the passage is
closest in meaning to
(A) fast
(B) fluent
(C) slow down
(D) in a traffic jam
畫底線的表達詞語“充斥著大量的堵車情況”和那個意思最接近？
（A）快速 （B）流利 （C）緩下 （D）在車陣當中
9. Which of the following citizen is the main recommendation for border
crossing options in the passage?
(A) Ukrainian
(B) European citizen
(C) U.S. Citizen
(D) Russian
此文建議哪個地區的市民穿越通過國境？
（A）烏克蘭人 （B）歐洲市民 （C）美國市民 （D）俄羅斯人
10. How many nations are there mentioned in the above article where
citizens can cross the Ukraine border?
(A) two nations (B) three nations (C) four nations (D) five nations
上述文章提到幾個國家的市民，且他們可以經過烏克蘭國境？
（A）2個國家
（B）3個國家
（C）4個國家
（D）5個國家
四、Essay（30 分）
Do you agree or disagree with the border control and quarantine regulations announced by our CDC (Taiwan Centers for Disease Control) when travelers arrive in airport? Write a short and well-organized essay in about 250 words to express your own arguments supported with relevant examples
範例文章：
With the worsening conditions of the COVID-19, this pandemic is likely to claim more lives as the virus keeps infecting more and more people. To avoid the irreversible tragedy of massive deaths, I would support the policy of quarantining some outsiders from other countries in the airport strictly conducted by the CDC. However, on the other hand, it seems unreasonable to solely prohibit some travelers from Mainland China. Here are my explanations:
According to the statistics of World Health Organizations, the main deceased patients and those under medical treatment were from Europe, North America, and South America. Compared to these countries, due to some more strict and organized policies made by the CPC (Communist Party of China) government, the patients infected from coronavirus in Mainland China are much less than that in the Western countries. In Mainland China, people concentrated in many large cities, such as Wuhan and Shanghai, were strictly prohibited to leave due to the central policy to stop spreading more contagious virus. Despite of the inconvenience of residents, the performance of defeating the pandemic seems to be more and more successful.
To me, there’s one aspect of CDC I’m dissatisfied with: The total cases from Mainland China were indeed much fewer than that from Western countries. Why would the CDC prohibit any Chinese tourists and allow the White people to enter in? Currently, Taiwan is dominated by the DPP (Democracy of Progressive Party), who has retained hatred and jealousy toward Chinese people for long, so this explains why this government showed malice to Chinese people and precluded some Chinese travelers by assigning such policies to CDC. To sum up, it is all the ideologies behind the whole operations. In my opinion, the first thing CDC needs to learn is to put aside the ideology, and let Chinse tourists to enter after they experience the phase of quarantine.
