【110年警大研究所】碩士班英文詳解
110年警大研究所碩士班英文解析
一、 Vocabulary and Phrases（20分）
1. George Jung, who introduced cocaine for mass consumption to people in the United States, was arrested in 1972 and subsequently c_________d (i.e. condemned) on drug trafficking charges.
convicted
喬治.榮格為了達到大眾消費的目的，才將大量的古柯鹼引進美國，因而在1972年被逮捕，定罪的罪名是販毒。
2. Every person’s fingerprints are u_________e (i.e. exclusive), so no two people have the same fingerprint pattern.
unique
每個人都指紋都是獨一無二的，世界上沒有兩個人擁有一模一樣的指紋紋路。
3. The d__________t (i.e. lawbreaker) committed a misdemeanor to exceed the speed limit, leading to the injury of two people.
delinquent
這位違法者超速駕駛，犯下輕罪，造成兩人受傷。
4. The gang members in Peter’s neighborhood tried to c__________e (i.e. pressure) him into selling drugs, but he refused to be bullied.
coerce
在彼得住的社區中，這群歹徒試圖逼迫他販毒，但是他拒絕被如此欺負。
5. P____________s (i.e. Wallet lifters) operate most effectively when there are prospective victims in heavily congested areas.
Pickpockets
如果在壅塞地區中，出現了潛在被害人的話，那麽扒手就是最有“極佳效率”的人員了。
6. As of this evening, the Fire Department says that two bodies have been r__________d from the building.
recognized
截至今晚，消防部門已在大樓中辨認了兩個遺體的身份。
7. The cause of the accident is unclear and still under i___________n, but one local said the stretch of highway is in bad condition.
investigation
這一次事故原因不明，依舊在調查當中，但是有一名當地人說，這一段高速公路的路況很糟糕。
8. Law e___________t agency means a lawfully established central or local public agency that is responsible for the prevention and detection of crime.
enforcement
執法機關意味著合乎法律的中心或當地政府機構，負責犯罪預防和偵測等工作。
9. Hot-spot policing is a strategy that involves the targeting of police resources and activities to those places where crime is most c__________d.
committed
熱點警務是一種策略，可將警察身邊的資源當作目標，也可將發生犯罪最多次的地點作為目標。
10. The COVID-19 p_______c is an ongoing global disease similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS).
pandemic
這次的新冠肺炎流行病在全球引起了疾病，而且還沒停歇下來，這一點和嚴重急性呼吸症候群很類似。
二、 Translation（30分）
1. 中翻英（15分）
社區警政是一種新的警務哲學思維，理論上是將警務人員和民眾一起共同合作投入解決犯罪問題、犯罪恐懼感、社會失序及地區治安敗壞等問題。
Community policing means a new thought of philosophy in police service. Theoretically, it means the mutual cooperation of police and citizens so that they may dedicate themselves to resolving crime problems, the sense of horror produced by crimes, disordered society, and deterioration of law & order in certain areas.
2. 英翻中（15分）
Police officers may not, under color of authority, make any public statement that could be reasonably interpreted as having an adverse effect upon department morale, discipline, operation of the agency, or perception of the public.
有一種公開聲明，經過他人合理解讀之後，就會對警方的部門士氣、紀律、專門機構的運作、以及公眾的感知形成不利的影響，因此在權力表徵之下，警察可能無法發表將這一類的聲明表達出來。
三、 Reading Comprehension（20分）
Opinions run to extremes about the abolition of the death penalty. According to Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty (TAEDP), they claim that everyone should ____1____ the right of existence, criminals included, and this right cannot be deprived of its substance. However, on the other side of spectrum, some people still hang tough that the ____2____ serves the example to other would-be criminals, deterring them from committing crimes and some terrorist attacks. Moreover, it can seek retribution on behalf of victims.
Well, what ____3____ those who support the abolition of the death penalty? First of all, death constitutes “cruel and unusual punishment” and the various means used by the authorities to kill are over cruel at times. Secondly, the death penalty is used ____4_____ against the poor, who can barely afford expensive legal counsel. What’s more, if we give a second chance for criminals to rehabilitate, they may make contributions to society in the end. Considering all the above, those who are for the abolition have firmly believed that only with much consideration of complementary measures and proper education can public support for retribution be changed and a general ____5____ formed on the abolition of the death penalty.
提到死刑廢除問題的時候，輿論就會走向兩極化。根據台灣廢除死刑推動聯盟的宗旨，他們聲稱每個人應該1________生存和存在1________，連罪犯也一樣。因此這種權利的本質是不能被剝奪的。然而在另一端，也有人倔強認為：2________可對其他潛在罪犯帶來殺雞儆猴的效果，那麽就能夠遏止他們犯下滔天大罪以及其他恐怖襲擊的行為。此外，這一方法還能代表受害者進行報復。
嗯，那麽有什麼因素3________支持廢除死刑的人3________呢？首先，死亡本身就構成“既殘忍又不尋常的懲罰”的一部分了，而且有時候政府當局採用的手法，可謂五花八門，還有一部分的殘忍程度，說是名副其實也不為過，其次對窮苦人家而言，他們付不出高價的金額尋求法律顧問，這時候動用死刑就很4_________了，還有一點，若我們給死刑犯第二次洗心革面的機會，他們最終能給社會帶來貢獻。考量到以上這些因素，原先支持廢除死刑的人士，堅信一件事：唯有拿出周全的態度，再考量種種彌補措施以及適當的教化方式的話，那麽原先支持報復罪犯的大眾，就有可能改變既有想法，同時廢除死刑的普遍5________，最後也能形成現實一部分。
1. (A) look upon (B) be led to (C)be endowed with (D) think of
（A）看待 （B）被…引導至 （C）被賦予…的權利 （D）想到、想起
2.(A) revocation (B) life imprisonment (C) incarceration (D) capital punishment
（A）撤銷、廢止 （B）無期徒刑 （C）入獄、監禁 （D）死刑
3. (A) backs up (B) if only(C) even if(D) copes with
（A）為…撐腰 （B）要是…就好 （C）即使 （D）處理
4. (A)proportionally (B) disproportionally (C)thoroughly (D) selectively
（A）和…成比例（地）
（B）不相稱（地）
（C）徹底（地）
（D）選擇性（地）
5. (A) consensus (B) drill (C) recommendation. (D) sympathy
（A）共識 （B）操練、訓練 （C）推薦 （D）同情心
Mass surveillance uses systems or technologies that collect, analyze, and/or generate data on indefinite or large numbers of people instead of limiting surveillance to individuals about which there is reasonable suspicion of wrongdoing. Under currently available forms of mass surveillance, governments can capture virtually all aspects of our lives. Mass surveillance can subject a population or significant component thereof to indiscriminate monitoring, involving a systematic interference with people’s right to privacy and all the rights that privacy enables, including the freedom to express yourself and to protest. People are getting used to being monitored by cameras, having private messages inspected at work, and having conversations recorded by financial institutions or other businesses (such as telecommunication companies). Today, intelligence agencies and law enforcement conduct mass surveillance through a diverse -and increasing -range of means and methods of surveillance. These include the direct mass interception of communications, access to the bulk communications stored by telecoms operators and others, mass hacking, indiscriminate use of facial recognition technology, indiscriminate surveillance of protests using mobile phone trackers, and more.
系統或科技能從大量人群當中收集、分析、又或者產生資料，之後大規模監視再運用這類系統或科技，如果警方合理懷疑個人幹了某種勾當，進而限制監視的話，那就不妥了。大規模監視若是具備現今可利用的形式，那麽政府就幾乎可以捕捉我們生活的方方面面。此外大規模監視還能對人口或者重要的組成分子，進行無差別的監控，像是隱私權允許的發言權利、抗議、以及所有權利，都和這種監控帶來的系統干擾脫不了關係。如今人民都習慣被攝像頭監控，習慣在被監督的職場中發送私人消息，也習慣自己和別人的對話被金融機構，或者電信業之類的企業錄音下來。今日的情報機構和執法機關，都藉著日新月異的方式主導著監控，這些手法包含以大規模的方式攔截通信、從電信運營商和其他業者手中，取得經過存儲的大量對話內容、大規模侵入計算機系統、無差別進行臉部識別科技、使用手機追蹤器進行在抗議場合中進行無差別監視行動，以及其他的方法。
6. What is the best title of this passage?
(A)Government is watching you.
(B)Mass surveillance is indiscriminate surveillance.
(C)The new technology of mass surveillance is coming.
(D)The result of mass surveillance is the trend of this era.
本文的最佳標題是以下哪一個選項？
（A） 政府盯著你看呢！
（B） 大規模監視意味著無差別監視
（C） 運用新科技進行大規模監視的時代已來臨了。
（D） 大規模監視的結果正符合這個時代的潮流。
7. What conflict (if any) do you see in this passage?
(A)People don’t care about being monitored and watched.
(B)How to balance protecting people from crime and still keep privacy.
(C)How to achieve a balance between people’s pursuit of technology and being monitored.
(D)How to cope with the human pursuit of technology and the balance of being monitored.
你在這篇文章看到的矛盾在哪？
（A）人們不在乎自己被監視、被查看。
（B）在犯罪案件中，從保護人民和保護他們的隱私當中取得平衡點。
（C）人民追求科技也被監控著，同時在這兩種現象中達成平衡，
（D）人們追求科技也被監控時，能著手的處理方式。
8. Which of the following is Not the reason why the authorities would prefer mass surveillance?
(A)The protection of society.
(B)The invasion of privacy.
(C)The prevention of crimes.
(D)The collection of information.
以下哪一個選項，並非政府當局偏愛大規模監視的原因？
（A）保護社會
（B）隱私被侵犯
（C）預防犯罪
（D）收集資訊
9. According to the message, which of the following statement is true?
(A)The biometric system can be used to identify all criminals.
(B)People have become accustomed to being monitored in various ways without knowing it.
(C)In the near future, it will be easy to become a hacker.
(D)None of above.
根據本文，以下哪一個選項正確？
（A）可運用生物識別系統，再辨別所有罪犯。
（B）人民已習慣在各種情況下被監控，而且不知不覺。
（C）在不久的未來成為駭客很簡單。.
（D）以上皆非。
10. What is the closest meaning of “interception” from the passage?
(A)Capture
(B)Interference
(C)Connection
(D)Interruption
本文當中的詞語“攔截”，和以下哪一個選項的意思最接近？
（A）捕捉 （B）干擾 （C）連接 （D）阻斷
四、 Essay（30分）
Write an essay on the following topic. The length of the essay should be no less than 100 words and no more than 350 words.
The Role of Social Media in Modern Policing
Many law enforcement agencies have begun using social media outlets such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Radio Station to their benefit. From critical incidents, to large-scale events, to day-to-day operations, police agencies are also using social media tools to enhance communications. If used appropriately, social media can be a great asset to any agency. What’s your opinion on the role of social media for today’s policing? Use reasons and specific examples to support your arguments.
範例文章
In the recent decade, the widespread use of social media has helped people establish bonds and expand ranges of deals of products. However, Facebook can also become one instrument of various crimes such as fraud and intimidation. That’s why it becomes urgent for police to understand how gangsters harness the mechanisms of social media. In the meantime, police and citizens may draw closer and let them know the current status of local order and security by establishing a certain website. Undoubtedly, these benefits may make our society safer.
For instance, there were cases when a youngster declared to randomly slaughter some folks in one station of Taipei Metro. Such a message was luckily seen by some officers in a department located in Taipei, and by quick deployment and heavier force, police may immediately prevent a tragedy from happening and captured the youngster by keeping track of the Internet Protocols within a short time. Finally, that impulsive man was later charged with intimidation. Based on the fact, we may see the higher efficiency if management of social media is incorporated into comprehensive affairs of policing.
Here’s another example, two officers from Yilan County accidentally found a webpage of Facebook which notified the whole community of a missing person. By using the online system of Automobile License Plate Recognition, they learned about the range of person’s motion range. Next, they began to look for any pedestrian who resembled the missing man. By getting access to inquiry system, officers luckily found the man who got lost finally. Obviously, thanks to the accelerated efficiency of technological instruments, officers may find missing people within even 24 hours!
However, it would be a great challenge to collect evidences of crimes since the data are stored and scattered. If a crime is plotted in a more advanced level, more difficulties would test officers if there are finite professionals whose background is related to computer realm. Therefore, the next focus would be some questions about how to recruit police members who are equipped with deeper knowledge of latest development of big data behind social media.
