【110年警大國境研究所】專業英文詳解
110年警大國境研究所專業英文解析
一、Vocabulary/Phrases English to Chinese Translation（20 分）
1. Optional Practical Training
選擇性實習訓練
2. Registered Permanent Residence
戶口
3. Transnational Human Trafficking
跨國人口販運
4. Ministry of Foreign Affairs
外交部
5. Critical Infrastructure Protection
重要基礎設施保護
6. Human Smuggling
人口偷運
7. National Immigration Agency
內政部移民署
8. Visa-exempt Entry
免簽證入境
9. Stakeholder
持股人
10.Burden of Proof
舉證責任
二、Translation（30 分）
Evidence indicates that states around the world have toughened their immigration policies by increasing criminalization of irregular migration, intensifying border controls, and externalizing migration control policies. As a consequence, breaches of migration law are increasingly treated as criminal rather than administrative offences causing a depreciation of migrants’ enjoyment of essential legal safeguards and human rights protections. Contrary to acting as a deterrent for migration flows, harsh policies of interception and detention often further push migrants to take unsafe and irregular routes in the hands of smugglers or traffickers.
有證據顯示，世界各國已藉著以下方式，像是將不符常規的移民行動增設為犯罪行為的一種，加強國境控制，將移民控制政策給具體化等等，以達到加強移民政策的目的。結果，違反移民法律已大幅度被視為刑事犯法行為，而非行政方面的犯法，導致移民進行必要合法保護和人權保障所帶來的興致降低。針對遷移流動進行的遏制措施會造成反效果，對移民進行攔截，拘留等等嚴苛的政策，常造成移民行走於其他不安全和不正當的路線，且這些路線早就落入走私犯或者販運歹徒的掌握當中。
三、Reading Comprehension（每題 10 分，共 20 分）
Police departments have placed a great emphasis on reducing response time in the belief that it would increase the probability of arrest. However, several studies found that rapid response had little effect on clearance rates. Only about 3 percent of crimes are reported while in progress; thus rapid response to most calls does not increase the probability of arrest. The problem is that police departments have no control over two key elements between the time a crime is committed and the time a police officer arrives on the scene: the interval between the commission of a crime and the time it is discovered; and the interval between discovery and the time the citizen calls the police. Most crimes are discovered after the fact, and even in the most “involvement” crimes – i.e., where the victim is present (e.g., assault) – there is some delay between victimization and the subsequent call to the police.
警察局已強調出一項重點：減少反應時間，可增加警方將對方繩之以法的可能性。然而，多項研究表示：警方的快速反應對於破案率的效果，實在是微乎其微。僅僅3%的犯罪，是在歹徒犯案過程中被媒體報導出去的。因此哪怕警方反應敏捷，接起大多數的報案電話也無法增加逮捕歹徒的機率。問題在於警察局對於兩項關鍵條件無法實施有效管控，一項是犯案花費時間，一項是警方抵達刑案現場的時間，也就是犯案時刻點以及老百姓向警方報案時刻點之間的間隔時間。大多數的犯案往往都在發生之後才發現，甚至是在歹徒“參與”犯案的時刻。換言之就是被害者在現場（像是被襲擊的被害人）被歹徒施暴的時刻，直到隨後有民眾報案的那一刻，多多少少會有時間延遲的現象產生。
Question 1: According the above article, reducing response time can make the police increase arrest rates or not? Describe the reason in English.
問題一：根據本文，若是反應時間縮短，可讓警方增加逮捕歹徒的機率嗎？用英文解釋原因。
回答範例
No, even the police try their best, the gangsters would probably have run away from the scene. It is mainly the lapse of time which bothers the police’s efficiency of apprehension. After all, the percentage of cases with gangsters’ victimization in progress to be witnessed by citizens and informed to the police instantly is too slight for police to manage their further actions, rescue the victims, and subdue the villains.
(不能，即使警方竭盡一切努力，歹徒也八成從犯案現場逃之夭夭了。主要是時間落差妨礙了警方的逮捕行動，畢竟，歹徒對受害者進行施暴期間，恰巧被老百姓目擊隨後立即報案的可能性太微乎其微了。警方即使設法組織隨後的行動，解救被害人制伏壞蛋，都來不及了！)
Question 2: According the above article, what is the meaning of “Most crimes are discovered after the fact”? Describe your opinion in English.
問題二：根據本文，“大多數的犯案往往都在發生之後才發現” 是什麼意思？用英文描述觀點。
回答範例
Here’s the subject of the sentence. Police cannot detect any potential crimes until there’s a call informing an occurrence of a crime. Even the police keep rushing toward the scene with a maximum speed, a couple of minutes would elapse, which allows gangsters to run away. After all, police are not seers nor omniscient deities. Their immediate actions are limited to some extent. Like us, they are normal, too.
(句子的主旨如下：警方在接到報案電話的那一刻之前，無法偵測任何潛在的案件，即使警方以最高速度衝向刑案現場，時間也會流逝好幾分鐘，也足夠讓歹徒逃之夭夭了。畢竟警方可不是什麼預言家或者全知的神明，他們立即的行動總會在某種程度上受限，就和我們一樣平凡。)
四、Essay（30 分）
“Public security is more important than human rights.” Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Please write a short and well-organized essay in about 250 words to support your answer with reasons
範例文章
When government authorities around the world are trying to reinforce the functions of security equipment in some public infrastructures, some appear to criticize the misuse of these instruments which might invade everyone’s privacy. However, the main reason that prompted government authorities to do so is to prevent some malicious attacks from terrorists. After all, since the attack of September 11 in New York, deadly events organized by terrorists have panicked countless people.
And later, on May 21, 2014, a carnage just took place in Taipei Metro. A young perpetrator, Zheng Jie, just took 4 victims’ lives and wounded more than twenty innocent people. Although he was immediately subdued by some people with justice, such a tragedy had alarmed people’s awareness of security system to be bolstered. Some claimed that some security checkpoints should be placed at the exits of stations of Taipei-Metro, but others are worried that their human rights would be harassed once the machines begin to explore if there are any dangerous items like knives or guns would be carried in bags. In my viewpoints, public security should be valued as the priority.
If we travel to Mainland China, we may see that strict security checkpoints are placed in bus stations, metro stations, and gymnasiums. Due to the massive populations over one billion, some potential criminal attacks would probably claim hundreds, even thousands of people’s lives. These tight checkpoints scan travelers’ faces and detect if there’re anyone carrying dangerous tools made of metal every day. Some criticize Mainland China lacking democracy because these tight systems against terrorism are installed, but their viewpoints are superficial. What functions can human rights work if a bandit appears and aims at you with a gun? Can human rights revive the dead victims, reverse the elapse of time, and avoid the tragedies? That’s totally impossible! The role of it should be discussed after the tight system of security checkpoints are well-established.
