【109年警大國境研究所】專業英文詳解
109年警大國境研究所專業英文解析
一、Vocabulary and Phrases into Chinese（20 分）
1. expedited removal 快速驅逐出境
2. U.S. Customs and Border Protection
美國海關和國境保護
3. Sanctuary cities 庇護城市
4. Executive Order 行政命令
5. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement 美國移民和海關執法
6. Enforcement and Removal Operations 強制執法和清除行動
7. Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals 童年入境者暫緩遣返手續
8. Deferred Action for Parental Accountability 非法移民父母暫緩遣返
9. Catch and Release 捕獲再釋放
10. NEXUS Card 芳鄰卡
二、Translation（30 分）
President Trump has used emergency powers during the coronavirus pandemic to implement the kind of strict enforcement regime at the U.S. southern border he has long wanted, suspending laws that protect minors and asylum seekers so that the U.S. government can immediately deport them or turn them away. Citing the threat of “mass, uncontrolled cross-border movement,” the president has shelved safeguards intended to protect trafficking victims and persecuted groups, implementing an expulsion order that sends migrants of all ages back to Mexico in an average of 96 minutes. U.S. Border Patrol agents do not perform medical checks when they encounter people crossing into the country. Homeland Security officials say the measures are necessary to protect U.S. agents, health-care workers and the general public from the coronavirus. Tightening controls at the border and preventing potentially infected populations from streaming into the United States minimizes the number of detainees in U.S. immigration jails and border holding cells.
川普總統在冠狀病毒疫情肆虐期間，動用了緊急救護力量，在美國南部國界，實行了政權上嚴厲的執法政策，且他很久以前就想這麽做。將保護難民和尋求庇護所的人民的相關政策暫緩實施，如此一來美國政府就可立即將他們驅逐出境，拒絕他們的請求。總統引用了“不在掌控範圍的大量國境穿越行動”等威脅來源，將保鏢解僱，為的是保護被販運的受苦人民以及被迫害的團體，接著還發佈驅逐令，花了平均96分鐘的時間，不管移民是年輕人還是老年人，都一律將他們送回墨西哥。美國國境巡邏隊遇到人們進入國境時都不進行醫療檢測。據美國移民及海關執法局所述，此種作法非實行不可，為的是保護美國政府代表，醫療保健的工作人員，以及一般群眾免於被冠狀病毒感染。在國境執行這項繃緊的控制手段，不但避免了潛在感染人口湧入美國，也將美國移民監牢，以及國境拘留牢房當中，被拘禁的人民數量降至最低數字。
三、Reading Comprehension（20分）
More than 6,000 migrants have been __1__ at the US-Mexico border since new coronavirus border restrictions took effect. President Donald Trump has previously __2__ closing down the US-Mexico border. Late last month, the administration ___3___ Centers for Disease Control and Protection authorities that allowed the US to immediately ___4___ migrants encountered at the border. CBP is expelling 80% of everyone encountered in less than two hours. ___5___, the number of people in its custody has __6__ dropped. Morgan said Thursday there are currently fewer than 100 people in custody. That’s down from around 20,000 last May at the height of the southern border crisis. Migrants ____7____ at the border are being put through a new, ___8___ process -___9__ are taken, medical assessments are completed and then migrants may be returned to Mexico or their origin country. The majority of migrants encountered by the agency are single adults from Mexico and people from the Northern Triangle countries of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. Migrants from other countries have ___10__ to a “handful,”, which is “very different than it was just a few short weeks ago.”
有超過6000位的移民已在美國和墨西哥邊界被1_________進入，原因是因為鑑於冠狀病毒而設立的國界禁令開始生效。總統唐納·川普先前已2________這項關閉美墨邊界的命令。上個月下旬，這項施政3._______了疾病控制中心和健康保護當局，使得美國能夠4_______在國境的移民。美國海關及邊境保衛局正要在兩個小時內，驅離百分之八十的人民。5________，被拘留的人數已6________下降，就在星期四，據摩根所述，被拘留的人民已經100人不到。去年五月的人數巔峰還達到20000人，一度釀成南方國界的危機。處在國境被7________的難民吃了不少苦，必須經歷一段8________的9________過程，也就是完成一種醫學評估，隨後將移民遣送回墨西哥，或者自己原本的國家。遇到這類行政機構的大多數移民，都是來自墨西哥的單身人士，以及南美洲北部的大三角國家：瓜地馬拉，薩爾瓦多，洪都拉斯等國的人民。來自其他國家的移民已10________至少量人口，且這種狀況和不久前幾個星期的情勢相比，實在是天差地遠。
1. (A) proclaimed (B) embraced (C) turned away (D) opened up
（A）表明 （B）擁抱 （C）拒絕 （D）打開
2. (A) floated (B) vigorous (C) quintessential (D) flirty
（A）付諸實施 （B）有活力的 （C）典型的 （D）調情的
3. (A) alleviated (B) condemned (C) decapitated (D) invoked
（A) 減輕 （B）譴責 （C）斬首 （D）喚起
4. (A) expel (B) demolish (C) discard (D) digress
（A）驅離 （B）拆除 （C）丟棄 （D）走向岔路
5. (A) Nevertheless (B) Besides (C) As a result (D) As well as
（A）然而 （B）況且 （C）結果 （D）也
6. (A) drastically (B) compulsorily (C) alternatively (D) consequently
（A）急遽的 （B）強迫性的 （C）替代的 （D）因此
7. (A) accepted (B) apprehended (C) abolished (D) appealed
（A）接受 （B）逮捕 （C）廢除 （D）呼籲，懇求
8. (A) expedited (B) dissipated (C) excreted (D) demotivated
（A）迅速執行 （B）消散 （C）排泄 （D）使失去動力
9. (A) sediment (B) prognose (C) ailment (D) biometrics
（A）沉積物 （B）預測 （C）小病 （D）生物計量學技術
10. (A) demotivated (B) dwindled (C) convergent (D) Skeptical
（A）使…失去動力 （B）漸漸減少 （C）相交的 （D）懷疑的
四、Essay（30 分）
Do you agree or disagree with the following idea? “people have to give up part of the freedom at the crisis time” Please write a short and well-organized essay in about 250 words to support your answer with reasons and specific examples
範例文章
This definition of freedom means that people are allowed to be engaged in anything as they wish, under the premise of reasonable ranges defined by law, rules, and morality. Under this circumstance, it’s obvious to find that the range of freedom has its limitations. It would be subject to some regulations under certain circumstances.
Different from the thoughts of White people in western countries, the thoughts of people in the Oriental countries such as Taiwan, Mainland China, Korea, and Japan value collectivism more, which means that the collective benefits are something people endeavor to attain. For example, when the critical condition of COVID-19 spread to Mainland China, the central government led by Communist People’s Party decided to lock down the city, Wuhan, from which the coronavirus was thought to originate. As we may see, that was the critical circumstance when the majority of freedom was sacrificed. During the lockdowns, residents once struggled for the inconvenience of strict regulations against the COVID-19 pandemic. They found it difficult to purchase some daily merchandises in the markets. Besides, a variety of transportations are out of service in order to stop the further spread of fatal virus. Such a phenomenon is something Americans and Europeans find it hard to understand. The fact is: The central government of Mainland China strove to fight against COVID-19, which had to sacrifice the collective freedom that belonged to people. At the same time, people from Europe and America value individualism, which was the main reason why the number of deceased and infected overtook that of Chinese people. The western world lacks a systematic management of controlling the pandemic.
If the freedom is not properly limited, some critical loss of lives and properties of people would be generated, just like the outcomes of Europeans and Americans. However, if freedom aims to protect everyone’s rights of living, it has to be restrained by some extent of management. Just like how the central government of Mainland China coped with some crisis of the pandemic, as mentioned above.
