【108年警大國境研究所】專業英文詳解
108年警大國境研究所專業英文解析
一、Vocabulary and Phrases into Chinese（20 分）
(一)Advanced Passenger Processing system 航前旅客審查系統
(二) Biometrics Verification System for Foreign Visitors 外國遊客生物特徵驗證系統
(三) Suspicious Passport Comparison System 可疑護照比對系統
(四) Foreign Spouse Care and Assistance Fund 外籍配偶輔導基金服務
(五) Alien Permanent Resident Certificate 外國人居留證
(六) Overstaying a tourist visa 觀光客超過簽證期限
(七) Forged and altered passports 經偽造變更的護照
(八) Nationals without registered household 無戶籍國民
(九) Diaspora 僑民
(十) Migration stocks and flows 移民存量和流動
二、Translation（30 分）
(一)英翻中
The ASEAN Plan of Action in Combating Transnational Crime (2016-2025) is established to follow up the mandate of the 2015 Kuala Lumpur Declaration in Combating Transnational Crime and contribute to the realization of the ASEAN Political-Security Community Blueprint 2025.
東盟能源合作行動計畫為了打擊2016年到2025年跨國犯罪的計劃，隨著吉隆坡宣言在2015年被正式批准，因此促成了東盟政治2025年安全共同體藍圖的實現。
(二)英翻中：
Human trafficking, for labor and for sex, is one of the fastest-growing transnational organized crime markets. Twenty-one million men, women, and children around the world are currently thought to be victims of human trafficking, which the International Labor Organization estimates generates US$150.2 billion in profits each year. The Asia-Pacific region is responsible for US$51.8 billion of this market, with around 11.7 million victims.
為了提供勞力和性交易而進行的人口販運，是最快速成長的跨國犯罪市場組織。有兩千一百萬的男女和兒童，在全世界中成為這一類的人口販運被害者，根據國際勞動組織估計，這類犯罪組織每年賺了一千五百二億美元的盈餘，光是在亞太地區，就促成了五百一十八億的獲利市場，還有一千一百七十萬的被害者。
(三)中翻英：
人口販運是一種有組織犯罪，社會問題研究人員和執法機構均特別難以察覺。之所以難以察覺，原因在於人口販運受害者高度分散，各國針對此種犯罪的法律存在巨大差異，以及包括客戶、證人和受害者在內的販運涉案人員有著揮之不去的恥辱感和恐懼。因此，用於偵測和衡量其他犯罪形式的常規工具對於販運人口可能無效。
Human Trafficking is an organized crime that researchers studying social problems and enforcing agencies can’t easily be aware of. The reason why human trafficking is difficult to notice is that victims are highly scattered around the world. Concerning this crime, there are some huge differences among the laws of different countries. Besides, when facing anyone involved in human-trafficking, people including clients, witnesses, and victims, might have a sense of shame and fear which can’t be easily wiped off. Therefore, when the police deal with human-trafficking, some regular instruments through detection and measurement towards other forms of crimes might be futile.
三、Cloze and Reading Comprehension（20 分）
(一) Transnational organized crime __1__ to those self-perpetuating associations of individuals who operate transnationally for the purpose of obtaining power, influence, monetary and/or __2__, wholly or in part by illegal means, while protecting their activities through a pattern of corruption and/ or violence, or while protecting their illegal activities through a transnational organizational structure and the exploitation of transnational commerce or communication mechanisms. There is no __3__ structure under which transnational organized criminals operate; they vary from hierarchies to clans, networks, and cells, and may evolve to other structures. The crimes they commit also vary. Transnational organized criminals act conspiratorially in their criminal activities and possess certain characteristics which may include, but are __4__:
In at least part of their activities they commit violence or other acts which are likely to intimidate, or make actual or implicit threats to do so;
They __5__differences between countries to further their objectives,enriching their organization, expanding its power, and/or avoiding detection/apprehension;
They attempt to gain influence in government, politics, and commerce through corrupt as well as legitimate means;
They have economic gain as their primary goal, not only from patently illegal activities but also from investment in legitimate businesses; and
They attempt to insulate both their leadership and membership from detection, sanction, and/ or prosecution through their organizational structure.
跨國國際犯罪，1_______能靠自身延續下去的成員協會，且他們進行跨國運作的目的，在於獲取權力，影響力，錢財上或者2_______，而進行的非法手段。他們還通過貪污以及/或者暴力等形式，以保護這些非法行動的進行，又或者，藉著跨國組織結構，交易方面的商業行為以及溝通機制之剝削過程，以保護這些非法活動不被發現。這些經過犯罪分子執行的跨國犯罪結構形式，不止以3_________情形呈現。可從階級結構演變成家族形式，網狀組織，基層組織，甚至會演變成其他結構。他們犯下的罪也有很多種類，跨國組織的犯罪分子，常以陰謀方式體現於犯罪活動，也擁有認定特色，但4________。
至少他們部分的暴力活動，或者是他們可能恫嚇他人的行為，都如此實行具體或者隱晦的威脅行為。
他們5________國和國之間的差異，進一步推行目標，增設組織的建立，擴展權利，以及/或者避免被警方偵測/逮捕。
他們通過貪污和合法手段，設法從政府，政治，商業得到影響力。
他們將經濟利益視為第一優先，並非單單經由公然的非法活動獲取利益，還會從合法商業的投資行為獲利。
他們會經由組織結構中，從外界偵測，制裁行動，以及/或者起訴等後果，將自己的領導權和會員身份隔絕起來。
1. (A) refers (B) subjects (C) applies (D) attaches
（A）指的是 （B）臣服於 （C）應用 （D）附加到
2. (A) weapons (B) commercial gains (C) tools (D) instruments
（A）武器 （B）商業上的利益 （C）工具 （D）工具
3. (A) many (B) plural (C) single (D) several
（A）很多 （B）複數 （C）單一 （D）好幾個
4. (A) as many as the following (B) not limited to (C) not as the following (D) not covering
（A）如以下所示 （B）不限於 （C）並非以下說的那樣 （D）不涵蓋
5. (A) compare (B) adjust (C) ignore (D) exploit
（A）比較 （B）調整 （C）無視 （D）利用
(二) Intelligence-led policing (ILP) is a modern approach to law enforcement. First introduced in the United Kingdom in the 1990s, ILP has primarily been used in __1__serious and organized crime. Promising results in recent years have prompted law enforcement authorities to expand the intelligence-led proactive methodology to all areas of police management as a comprehensive business model. ILP focuses on systematic gathering and evaluation of data and information, through a defined analysis process, turning it into strategic and operational analysis __2__, which serve as basis for improved, informed and evidence-based decision-making.
Two of the main challenges of today’s law enforcement are the ever-increasing complexities and transnational nature of crime as well as enhanced public demand for financial efficiency, i.e. ‘to do more for less’. The ILP model __3__these challenges by emphasizing and providing for intelligence-based prioritization followed by tasking and allocation of available resources in line with defined priorities.
By outlining clear and defined criminal intelligence mechanisms, __4__ procedures and organizational structures at the local, regional and national levels, this guidebook not only presents the conceptual ILP model, but also offers pragmatic tools to implement it. These include day-to-day policing practice, proactive strategic planning and operational action plans as well as instruments to address serious and organized crime. Furthermore, this guidebook explains how ILP can considerably complement community policing while proving an effective tool in countering terrorism, violent extremism and radicalization that can lead to terrorism (VERLT).
Criminal intelligence analysis is given more significance in ILP than other contemporary policing models. This calls for enhanced and sometimes new analytical skills and competencies within the law enforcement. The __5__, forward-looking focus of ILP also relies on law enforcement managers to know how to work with analysts and make use of analytical products in their decision-making and planning.
Thus, in adopting and implementing ILP, there must be specific focus on preparing and training high- and middle-level leadership and management within the law enforcement.
藉由情報進行以維持治安的流程（ILP），是當今執法的現代方法。最早在1990年由英國引進，ILP最初用來1_________嚴重且有精心設計的犯罪，最近幾年大有可為的結果成效，也促使執法單位當局能將這種積極性，且由情報引領進程的方法，擴展至警察管理的一切領域，以作為全體商業的模範。ILP主要著重於系統性的資料信息的收集和評估方式，藉由已經定義過的分析過程，再化為有戰略性和操作上的分析2_________作為基礎，經過改善和系統通知後，再用來作出決策，且決策本身也有證據基礎。
當今執法的兩項主要挑戰，包含犯罪本質日益複雜，本身有跨國性質，且公眾對金融效率的需求有增加跡象，即“以更少的代價做更多的事”。ILP模型藉著提供優先順序，且順序是以情報作為基礎，之後再伴隨任務和可用資源的分配過程，來3_________這些挑戰。
本指南還概述了地方、地區和國家各級明確界定的犯罪情報機制，還有4_________，程式，以及組織結構，不僅介紹了概念性的ILP模式，還提供了實施此種方法的實用工具，這些工具還包含了日復一日的維持治安實務，積極的戰略規劃，業務行動計畫以及專用手段，以對付嚴重和有組織的犯罪。此外，本指南還解釋了以下內容，像是ILP能夠大量補足維持社區治安的方法，也同時證明了ILP是一種有效工具，可用來打擊恐怖主義、暴力極端主義，以及可能導致恐怖主義的激進主義（VERLT）。
與其他當代的維持治安模式相比，ILP所進行的犯罪情報分析更為重要。這需要加強執法部門內部的分析技能和能力，有時還需要新的分析技能。ILP的5________特質，以及具備前瞻性的重點，還要依賴執法管理人員的瞭解程度如何，像是如何與分析師合作，並在決策和規劃中使用分析產品。此外，在採納和實施ILP的同時，對於準備功夫，以及培訓執法部門當中的高級和中級領導人員，以及管理人員的整體技巧，也必須特別注重。
1. (A) tackling (B) dealing (C) introducing (D) countering
（A）應付 （B）做生意 （C）引進 （D）對抗
2. (A) results (B) products (C) games (D) scenarios
（A）結果 （B）成果 （C）獵物 （D）劇情
3. (A) explores (B) tells (C) addresses (D) meets
（A) 探索 （B）告訴 （C）對付 （D）遇見
4. (A) decision-making (B) emergency-responding (C) intelligence-collecting (D) story-telling
（A）下定決策 （B）回應緊急事件 （C）收集情報 （D）說故事
5. (A) passive (B) responding (C) reacting (D) proactive
（A）被動 （B）回應 （C）反應 （D）積極
四、Essay（30 分）
Illegal immigration has become a controversial issue in the recent years. As a law enforcement official, please write a short essay of about 250 words to illustrate your conception of “the methods of dealing illegal immigration.”
You can give examples, or explicate points. Please make sure that you will give a clear idea about the way you want to do
After the former president had granted immigrants from Southeastern laborers to enter into Taiwan, we may hear some cases when some laborers ignore their terms of staying in Taiwan after the due date, or some laborers might fight other ones from another country after facing some linguistic barriers.
When you pass through some squares in front of a train station, you might see some of these laborers gathering, drinking, and even shouting. This is one of the circumstances when some disputes and violence would potentially happen. Any kind citizen would panic and move forward with faster paces. For any officials of law enforcement, they are obliged to secure the serenity of any communities. The first step is to take these laborers to the station. Next, an official has to know who the responsible middleman that brought to Taiwan was as well as the employee who hires them. With this method, a whole story would be combined, which is to left to the Immigration Agency.
Recently, there is another challenge for the officials. After the outbreak of COVID-19, more immigrants couldn’t get their flight tickets smoothly as the skyrocketed cost of flight tickets. Nearly half of the immigrants would stay in Taiwan, making it difficult to track down their locations. They lack a valid visa and fluency of Mandarin communication. That’s how some potential risks of crimes would turn into riots. Although temporary detention might work, but the number of sufficient flights can’t increase for sure. At this rate, the government is endeavoring to adjust some statutes of hiring foreign employees. Before the day when the perfect laws are complete and explicit comes, officials would be more effectual to cope with these problems.
