【108年警大外事研究所】專業英文詳解
108年警大外事研究所專業英文解析
一、Vocabulary and Phrases （20%)）
1. Incapacitation 失能
2. Incident-driven Policing 事件驅動警務
3. Crime Displacement 犯罪流離失所
4. White Collar Crime 白領犯罪
5. Criminal Justice 刑事司法
6. Restorative Justice 修復式正義
7. Precursor Chemical 前體化學品
8. Financial Action Task Force
防制洗錢金融行動工作組織
9. Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters
刑事事項司法協助條約
10. U.N. Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
聯合國打擊跨國有組織犯罪公約
二、Translation （30%）
1. By 2030, the criminal landscape will change U.S. and European society as the more virulent and diversified transnational crime rapidly takes the place of the more familiar street crimes. Transnational crime’s structure and form is adapted to maximize exploitation of the new world order of global trade, finance, travel, and communication. Transnational crime’s explosive growth destabilizes emerging states, while corrupting institutions and infrastructure worldwide. Modern-day transnational crime is neither a logical extension of traditional organized crime nor street crime; rather, it is the product of two historical tipping points: the collapse of the Soviet Union and 9/11.
在2030年之前，發生於美國和歐洲的犯罪，所呈現的主要特色，將會變得更加致命，且跨國犯罪的花招會更多，我們以往熟悉的街頭犯罪將會被上述的犯罪類型快速取代。跨國犯罪的架構和形式將逐步調整，再將利用功能達到最大化，使得全球貿易，財經，旅遊，溝通等方面的新世界秩序受到影響。跨國犯罪模式犯罪經過爆炸性成長後，將破壞全世界政府機構和公共設施的電腦設備，現代還會使得一些新興國家動盪不安，現代跨國犯罪模式，並非我們一般邏輯所想的傳統組織犯罪，或者是街頭犯罪，而是蘇聯解體以及九一一事件等兩大事件引發傾覆點後，所發生的產物。
2. Today’s illicit global economy involves trading in anything from hazardous waste to human body parts and the Internet has multiplied opportunities for fraud. Faced with the task of controlling organized crime in a world where opportunities are proliferating, governments might do better to limit the field of battle by replacing international drug prohibition policies with more pragmatic regulatory policies, aimed at taking the profit out of trafficking.
今日全球非法的經濟用途，有一部分用來交易廢料，還有一部分用來交易人體部位，且互聯網已產生多次機會，使得不法之徒進行詐騙行為。由於犯罪機會也在蓬勃發展，全世界都要面對這些精心設計的犯罪行為，再進行控制。政府可將國際毒品禁止政策，替代為更實用的管制政策，且這些政策可將非法交易的不法獲利奪回來，藉著限制打擊犯罪領域的目標，政府功能也能改善。
3. 外交及領事豁免分別是在 1961 的維也納外交關係公約及 1963 的 維也納領事關係公約規範，這兩項公約所給予的豁免分成四類： 人身不可侵犯、刑事豁免、民事豁免、以及豁免被要求在刑事或 民事訴訟中作證。
Diplomatic immunity and consular immunity are: Vienna Convention of Diplomatic Relations in 1961 and Vienna Convention on Consular Relations in 1963. The immunity given from two pacts can be classified into the four categories: personal freedom, criminal immunity, civil immunity, and immunity requiring testimonies in criminal and civil litigations.
三、Reading Comprehension （20%）
The global recording industry has launched its largest wave of legal __1__ against people suspected of sharing music files on the internet. The latest move by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) __2__ 2,100 alleged uploaders using peer-to-peer (P2P) networks in 16 nations __3__ the UK, France, Germany and Italy. Thousands of people have agreed to pay __4__ since the campaign began. In the US, civil lawsuits have been brought against more than 15,597 people __5__ September 2003 and there have been 3,590 settlements. “This is a significant escalation of our enforcement actions against people who are uploading and distributing __6__ music on P2P networks,” said IFPI chief John Kennedy. “ Thousands of people – mostly internet-savvy men in their 20s or 30s – have learnt to their __7__ the legal and financial risks involved in file-sharing copyrighted music in large quantities.” Individual cases are generally brought by the national associations __8__ the recording industry, and in some cases by the labels, as civil complaints. The UK record industry has so far brought 97 cases, with a __9__ 65 covered by the latest action. More than 140,000 in compensation has been paid to the British Phonographic Industry by 71 individuals. Those who __10__ to resolve cases face civil court action.
全球唱片業，已針對那些涉嫌在互聯網上分享音樂檔案的人士，發動了有史以來最大規模的法律1____。這場由國際唱片業協會發動的抗爭，已將矛頭2____了2100位被指控的上傳人士，他們還運用了點對點（P2P）的網狀系統，且已擴展至16個國家，3____英國，法國，德國，意大利等國。抗爭開始後，有上千位人士已同意付出4____。5___2003年____，美國境內已針對15597人發起民法訴訟，其中有3590人已達成了庭外和解。國際唱片業協會的主席約翰.肯尼迪說：“我們發動的這場強制行動，是針對那些涉嫌上傳音樂行為的人，以及用點對點的網狀系統，將6____音樂發佈出去的人，結果已帶來顯著打擊力量。”這好幾千人當中，大多數都是在20歲至30歲間，從互聯網通曉技術，事情發生後他們學到了教訓：在分享海量的檔案時，若涉及到音樂著作權。就得承擔法律和財務等方面風險所伴隨的7____。而個別案例總體來說，都由8____著唱片業的國家協會提出控訴，也有一部分是在公司收到民眾投訴後，由公司提出控訴的。英國唱片業迄今為止，已控訴了97件案子，另外最新的強制行動又包含了9____65件案子。目前已經有71人，對英國唱片業賠償了140000英鎊，而另外10____解決案件問題的，都得面對民事法院的制裁。
1. (A) action (B) activity (C) acting (D) acts
1. (A) 行動（單數名詞）（B）活動（名詞）（C）活動（動詞進行式）（D）行動（複數名詞）
此題空格有最高級形容詞largest，依規定後方所接的名詞形式必須為單數，故選（A）
2. (A) aimed (B) targeted (C) directed (D) pointed
2.（A）對著（B）對準（C）指路（D）指向
此題的（A）和（D）乍看也是正確答案，但aim後方該附上介詞at，point後方該附上介詞to。因此選擇及物動詞（B）targeted。
3. (A) such (B) with (C) including (D) throughout
3. (A) 多麼的 （B）有了…的陪伴 （C）包含 （D）遍及
此題（D）throughout必須搭配廣大的一片區域，而非複數國家。故選（C）
4. (A) fine (B) penalty (C) ticket (D) compensation
4. （A）罰金（B）處罰（C）票券（D）賠償金
5. (A) during (B) throughout (C) since (D) in
5. （A）在…期間（B）遍及（C）自從…以來（D）在…內部
6. (A) illegal (B) registered (C) trademark (D) copyrighted
6. （A）非法（B）受登記的（C）商標（D）有著作權的
7. (A) benefit (B) charge (C) cost (D) fortune
7. （A）利益（B）控告（C）成本（D）財富
8. (A) for (B) working (C) inside (D) representing
8. （A）為了（B）運作中的（C）在…裏面（D）代表
9. (A) newly (B) addition (C) further (D) another
9. （A）最近（B）附加（C）另外的（D）另一個
此題的（C）further除了更遠的意思之外，還有更多的，額外的等意思，用法類似於more和extra。
10. (A) intend (B) wish (C) don’t (D) fail
10. （A）打算（B）希望（C）不（D）沒能夠
Fail to為沒能完成某件事情的意思，為固定詞語。
四、Essay （30%）
Write an essay on the topic: Combatting Drug Crime The connection between drug use and crime has received a great deal of attention. A simple inspection of data reveals a strong correlation between drugs and crime. Please describe your opinion about the strategy against drug crime.
The impact brought from the drugs not only brought many hazards to human bodies, but generated countless problems to the public security. In terms of the physical influence brought from drugs, the toxicity of drugs would chronically damage the main organs such as lungs, kidney, and brain.
Especially the last one, the brain. Once a young man takes the drugs, like marijuana or cocaine, some hallucinations would dramatically affect his daily routine. On top of that, the twisted functions of his brain would make him lose the capacity of judgement, making him prone to do some illegitimate actions. It is the contained ingredient of drugs causing the individual’s bad temper and violence. Even if the individual is sent to the hospital for further treatment and gets recovered, the addiction makes it hard to get rid of drugs. These are the physical problems brought from drugs.
Another problem is its high cost. It is estimated that one gram of heroin would cost more than ten thousand dollars! For those who take drugs, it they can’t afford to purchase the drugs, the addiction would prompt them to commit some crimes like bank robbery just to overcome the suffering process, like seizure of heavy depression, convulsion, epilepsy, and so on. Some resolutions to end these suffering symptoms would endanger the public security. As we may see, this phenomenon is an indirect problem from the high costs of drugs.
So here are some strategies to fight the abuse of drugs: The police must track down the source where the drugs are provided. Even an individual is planting the seed of marijuana, he is also liable to the penalty. Other actions involving the manufacture and shipment of drugs, including selling and smuggling, must be prohibited. Most importantly, the police have to announce some negative impacts of drugs in primary and middle schools by making some impressive posters. Once the general public has realized the fundamental concepts about drugs, their society would be full of tranquility and peace, and nobody would be enticed to take drugs.
