【107年警大研究所】碩士班英文詳解
107年警大研究所碩士班英文解析
一、 Vocabulary and Phrases（20分）
1. The police developed as a mechanism to do justice by apprehending offenders and holding them ____.
(A)admirable (B)accountable (C)appreciable (D)affluent
警方可逮捕罪犯，也能___他們____，如此才能發展成行使司法的途徑。
（A）（無此用法），admirable：令人欽佩的
（B）追究…的責任，accountable：應負責任的
（C）（無此用法），appreciable：可觀的，可察覺的
（D）（無此用法），affluent：富裕的
Hold someone accountable 意思是“使某人負起責任”或“追究某人的責任”的意思，為固定用法。
2. Since their primary practical goal was to reduce crime _____, police long believed that they were in the business of crime prevention.
(A)ventilation (B)vicinity (C)victimization (D)viscosity
由於警方的最初目標是為了減少犯罪___的次數，長期以來他們相信：自己一直忙於犯罪預防的事務。
（A） 通風 （B）附近、周圍地區 （C）迫害 （D）黏稠度
3. Efforts to concentrate police enforcement efforts in high-risk places, commonly known as hot spot policing, have been found to be ____in controlling crime.
(A)effective (B)edible (C)enclose (D)excavate
在高風險地區中，將警察執法集中起來的功夫，普遍被稱為“在熱點執行警務”，這種方法在防範犯罪中向來很____。
（A） 有效（的）（B） 可吃（的）（C） 圍住（D） 挖掘
4. Police responses to crime problems can be greatly ____by securing productive partnerships with community members.
（A）emigrated (B) enigma (C)estate (D)enhanced
警方和社區成員締結的保護性合作關係，如果能夠得到保護的話，那麽警方應對犯罪問題的效率，將會大幅___。
（A）向外移民 （B）謎題 （C）財產、大片私有土地 （D）得到加強
（D）選項的enhanced為enhance的過去分詞形式。
5. A police focus on controlling disorder has been hypothesized to be an important way to reduce more serious crimes in ____.
(A)nerves (B)neighborhoods (C)narratives (D)nomads
專家提出了假設：警方聚焦於控制騷亂的話，這種重要功夫可在___中減少更嚴重罪行發生的可能性。
（A）神經、神經質 （B）街坊、鄰里 （C）敘述 （D）遊牧民族
Qs 6-10：Fill in each of the blanks with a proper word to make the statement complete. The initial and final letters of the word are given as hints.
6. The procedure for the surrender of an alleged criminal by one state to another having j________n to try the charge is called extradition.
jurisdiction（司法權）
一個被指控的嫌犯自首之後，國家為了審理控告，而將嫌犯交付至另一個擁有____的國家，即為引渡。
7. Preventive d________n allows the judges to imprison anyone who they have good reason to believe may commit a further crime.
detention（拘留、關押）
若法官有天經地義的原因，認為罪犯有犯下其他罪行的可能性的話，那麽預防性的___措施，能讓法官囚禁這個罪犯。
8. If a person is convicted of robbery and sentences to eight years in prison, he or she will be put behind b___s and serve the jail term.
bars（入獄）
如果有人被控搶劫罪，被判八年的有期徒刑的話，就會___服刑。
Be behind bars 意思是“入獄”，為固定用法。Bars在這邊的意思是“鐵柵欄”。
9. The study clearly demonstrates the link between child abuse and juvenile d___y.
delinquency（違法行為）
這份研究以清晰的角度演繹了兒童虐待和青少年___的關聯性。
10. A voluntary confession is a confession that is given out of a suspect’s own free will, and has not been obtained by force, coercion, or i________n.
interrogation（審問）
自白，是出於嫌犯的自由意志，而非出於武力、脅迫、或者___產生的。
二、 Translation（30分）
Translate the following short passages from Chinese to English or the other way around.
1. 舉凡酒駕的稽查取締、陳抗事件的處置因應、非法槍彈及毒品的查緝防制、跨國詐欺犯罪的打擊遏阻、乃至網路科技犯罪的偵防情蒐等，均為國人關切的治安議題。
Security issues, such as inspection and suppression of drunk-driving, disposal and response of petitions and protests, policing and prevention of illegitimate ammunition and drugs, crackdown and deterrence of transnational fraud, as well as detection, prevention, and information-collection of cybercrimes, are all what every citizen is concerned about.
2. Law enforcement agencies should establish a culture of transparency and accountability in order to build public trust and legitimacy. This will help ensure decision making is understood and in accord with stated policy.
為了建構民眾的信任和合法性，執法機構應該建立具備透明度和責任心的文化。如此一來，經過制定的決策不但能夠保證民眾明白，還能和既定政策保持一致性。
三、 Reading Comprehension（20分）
Qs 1-5：
1. When a defendant claims that the presence of blood sprinkles on his clothing is due to the fact that he has touched such clothing with bloody hands, one can immediately conclude that he is lying.
當被告聲稱：衣服上的噴濺血跡是因為自己用沾血的手觸摸衣服的時候，就可以立即總結他在說謊。
The fact upon which this conclusion is based is most nearly that ________
(A) nothing absorbs blood.
(B) blood does not sprinkle.
(C) fingerprints would have been left by the defendant if he had touched the clothing.
(D) bloody hands will not leave the described mark.
立足在這種結論的事實，和以下哪一個選項的敘述最相近？
（A） 血不會被任何事物吸收。
（B） 血液不會噴濺。
（C） 若被告觸摸衣服的話，就會留下被告的指紋。
（D） 沾滿血跡的手不會留下上述的痕跡。
2. The large number of fatal motor-vehicle accidents renders necessary the organization of special units in the police department to cope with the technical problems encountered in such investigations.
多如牛毛的致命車輛事故，使得警察局的特種部隊組織有必要著手處理這一類的技術性問題，尤其是調查過程中遭遇這些問題的時候。
The generalization which can be inferred most directly from this statement is that ___
(A) large problems require specialists.
(B) technical problems require specialists.
(C) many police problems require special handling.
(D) many policemen are specialists.
根據這段陳述，我們最能直接推論出以下哪一個選項？
（A） 大型問題需要交由專家處理。
（B） 技術性問題需要交由專家處理。
（C） 許多和警方有關的問題，需要一番特別的處理。
（D） 許多的警察也兼任專家。
3. In examining the scene of a homicide one should not only look for the usual, standard traces –fingerprints, footprints, etc. –but should also have eyes open for details which at first glance may not seem to have any connection with the crime.
鑑定命案現場時，警方不該僅僅找尋指紋、腳印等等一般的標準痕跡，還要用眼睛明察秋毫，也就是第一眼瞥見的事物，且這些物品乍看之下和犯案沒什麼關聯。
The most logical inference to be drawn from this statement is that ___
(A) in general, standard traces are not important.
(B) sometimes one should not look for footprints.
(C) usually only the usual, standard traces are important.
(D) one cannot tell in advance what will be important.
根據這段陳述，以下哪一個選項是最合乎邏輯的推論？
（A） 總體而言，標準痕跡並沒那麽重要。
（B） 有時候，警方不應該找尋腳印。
（C） 通常來說，僅有一般的標準痕跡才很重要。
（D） 過一會兒才變得重要的東西，是警方無法事先參透的。
4. Officer Chang didn’t eat anything but small pieces of bread and butter.
除了一小塊塗上奶油的麵包以外，張警官還沒吃什麼東西。
The sentence that is closest in meaning to the one given above is that
(A) He ate small pieces of bread and butter but didn’t like them.
(B)He only ate some small pieces of bread and butter.
(C)He didn’t eat anything, not even the bread and butter.
(D)He didn’t touch the bread and butter, but he ate other things.
本句和以下哪一個選項的意思最相近？
（A） 他吃了一小塊麵包和奶油，但是並不喜歡。
（B） 他只吃麵包和奶油的一小部分。
（C） 他沒吃下任何東西，甚至連麵包和奶油都沒碰。
（D） 他沒觸碰麵包和奶油，但是有吃其他東西。
5. After failing a doping test at the Beijing Olympics, John Peterson was stripped of his gold medal.
在北京奧運中，由於約翰.皮特森沒通過藥物檢查測試，他的金牌就被摘下了。
The sentence that is closest in meaning to the one given above is that ____
(A) At the Beijing Olympics, John Peterson and many others were disqualified after failing a doping test.
(B)If John Peterson hadn’t been tested positive for doping at the Beijing Olympics, he wouldn’t have lost his gold medal.
(C) Since John Peterson confessed having used doping, his gold medal was taken back.
(D) Although John Peterson failed the doping test, he wasn’t disqualified from the Beijing Olympics.
本句和以下哪一個選項的意思最相近？
（A） 在北京奧運中，約翰.皮特森以及好幾個選手沒有通過藥物檢查測試，因此喪失資格。
（B） 如果約翰.皮特森在藥物檢查測試中，沒有被測出陽性反應的話，就不會丟了金牌。
（C） 由於約翰.皮特森沒通過藥物檢查測試，他的金牌依舊被摘下了。
（D） 雖然約翰.皮特森沒通過藥物檢查測試，但是他在北京奧運中喪失了資格。
Qs 6-10：
Since the early 1990s, the police have become much more interested in a broader idea of prevention and the use of a wide range of crime prevention 6________. The search for greater citizen satisfaction, increased legitimacy and more effective crime prevention 7___ to the traditional tactics used by most police departments led to the development of problem-oriented policing and hot-spots policing. The operational paradigms of many modern police departments have steadily 8___ from a “professional” model of policing to a community-oriented, problem-solving model. Growing community dissatisfaction and a series of research studies that questioned the 9___ of the professional model’s basic tenets served as catalysts for the 10 ___.
自90年代早期，犯罪預防更廣泛的觀念，以及犯罪預防6____的廣大運用範疇，是警方更加感興趣的範疇。在大多數的警察局中，由於來自民眾的更多滿意度，能夠有效防範犯罪的7___，以及與日俱增的合法性，都成為警方尋求的目標，因此才能夠進而替代傳統策略，進而促成以問題為導向的警務以及熱點警務等等模式。在許多的現代警察局中，那些操作典範都以穩定的方式，都是從“專業的”警務典範8___以社區為導向的模範，再拿來解決問題。正是因為社區的不滿意程度有上升的跡象，而且作為專業模範的9___基本宗旨，也遭到了一連串的調查研究質疑，才促成了這一次10___的催化劑。
6. (A) tension (B) trash (C) tactics (D) timber
（A）緊張局勢 （B）垃圾 （C）戰術 （D）木材
7. (A) abuses (B) alternatives (C) abstracts (D) amazements
（A）虐待 （B）選擇 （C）摘要 （D）驚奇
8. (A) evolved (B) enclosed (C) estimated (D) eroded
（A）演變為 （B）圍住 （C）估計 （D）侵蝕、腐蝕
9. (A) walkout (B) effectiveness (C) incitement (D) turbulence
（A）退場、罷工 （B）效力 （C）煽動 （D）騷亂
10. (A) distort (B) assignment (C) hostility (D) shift
（A）扭曲 （B）作業、指派工作 （C）敵意 （D）轉換、轉變
根據本題語意，（D）選項的後者意思較符合題目所需。
四、 Essay（30分）
Write an essay on the topic：Combatting Fraud
Fraud has been one of the fastest growing crimes in recent decades. The current epidemic in fraud has been attributed to the rapid growth of the Internet and digital finance, the vast expansion of mobile phones, and the limited response of law enforcement agencies. Please describe your opinion about the strategy against fraud.
Recently, Executive Yuan has made some legal amendments which guide the public to understand strategies against fraud. In this educational way, people may tell if another dealer they are facing is about to fool them and steal money. Today, the widespread use of social software has been an instrument of fake deals of fraud, so massages that involve fraud have become the prior focus of police. By introducing the mechanism of fraud, police may prevent common citizens from being gullible and remitting their money. For example, any advertisement with the slogan of “low risk and high reward” is more likely to be a decoy. If people may be vigilant about these tricks by learning lessons designed by police, they wouldn’t let more cases of fraud succeed.
Fake dealers always find some measures to counter police’s efforts, so police must come up with more practical ideas. For instance, text messages about investment are often sent to seduce people. By guiding them to verify suspicious sources of similar information, police may effectively intercept more calls by cooperating with telecommunication industry. Besides, police may consider persuading financial organizations and convenient stores so as to establish strong censorship to keep track of suspicious accounts. If it is possible, digital software developers should cooperate with finance staff more often because more than 90% cases of fraud are implemented by fraud gangsters. However, as virtue rises one foot, vice rises ten. These battles would never end in the near future, so these tactics must be thoroughly studied and adjusted constantly.
