【104年警大研究所】碩士班英文詳解
104年警大研究所碩士班英文解析
一、 Vocabulary and Phrases（20分）
（一）輻射汙染 Radioactive Contamination
（二）自拍神器 Selfie Sticks
（三）事故現場 Scenes of Accidents
（四）警政署署長 Director-General of National Police Agency
（五）客機空難 Air Crash of Airliner
（六）司法互助 Judicial Reciprocity
（七）溫室效應 Effect of Greenhouse Warming
（八）恐怖攻擊 Terrorist Attack
（九）食安危機 Crisis of Food Safety
（十）內線交易 Insider Trading
二、 Translation（30 分）
（一）For at least half a century, police have considered it important to cut to a minimum of their response times to crime calls. The faster the response, they have reasoned, the better the chances of catching the criminal at or near the scene of the crime.（10 分）
至少有半個世紀的時間，警方認為在接到報案電話的那一刻，就將案件反應時間縮至最短，相當重要。他們推斷出：反應時間越快，將處在現場或附近的罪犯逮捕的可能性越大。
（二）Officers shall not use their police power to resolve personal grievances (e.g. those involving the officer, family members, relatives, or friends) except under circumstances that would justify the use of self-defense, actions to prevent injury to another person, or when a serious offense has been committed that would justify an arrest.（10 分）
警察不應該將職權用在解決個人（例如涉及警察相關的家人親友們的不滿）的不滿，但以下情況除外：他們擁有正當的理由進行自衛。或者是為了避免他人遭受傷害，而進行的行為。又或者是歹徒的嚴重攻擊行為造成之後，足夠提出正當理由進行逮捕行動……等。
（三）The essence of the police role in maintaining order is to reinforce the informal control mechanisms of the community itself. Areas where community controls break down are vulnerable to criminal investigation.（10 分）
警察角色維持秩序的本質，在於增強社區本身的非正式控制機制，不管是哪座社區，只要有社區控制出現破口的狀況，就會受到刑事調查。
三、 Reading Comprehension（20 分）
Another large-scale study conducted by William Spelman and Dale Brown and published in 1984 was also to challenge a core police assumption of that period – that improvement in rapid response to calls for service would lead to improvements in crime fighting. This study was developed in good part because of the findings of a prior investigation in Kansas City that found little support for the crime control effectiveness of rapid response to calls for service (Kansas City Police Department 1977). With support from the National Institute of Justice, Spelman and Brown investigated 4000 victims, witnesses, and bystanders in some 3300 serious crimes in four American cities. This was another major study in terms of the resources brought to bear and the methods used. Again it examined a strategy that was aided by technological advances in the twentieth century and that was central dogma of police administrators – that police must get to the scene of a crime quickly if they are to apprehend criminal offenders.
由威廉.史派曼和戴爾.布朗所主導，且在1984年出版成書的另一項大規模研究，已對於那段期間警察認定的核心想法，提出了質疑挑戰。而這核心想法如下：接到社會民眾報案電話後所進行的快速反應，如果設法改進的話，將有助於打擊犯罪的彰顯成效。由於之前在堪薩斯城進行的調查作業中（根據1977年堪薩斯市的警局資料），發現到：警方接到報案電話後所進行的快速反應行動，進而抑制犯罪的相關論點，並沒有證據能給予支持，這項研究也因此朝著有利方向前進。在國家司法研究院的支持協助下，威廉.史派曼和戴爾.布朗在美國四座城市，所發生的3300件嚴重案件當中，調查了將近4000位被害人，目擊者，以及路人等人。就這些發揮作用的資源和方法而言，這屬於另一種主要研究計劃。必須再度重申：這項研究伴隨著二十世紀先進科技的協助，針對了既有的策略一再進行調查。偏偏這卻是警方管理人員的教義內容，單方面認為警方接到逮捕惡徒的指令後，必須儘快趕赴刑案現場。
根據以上內容，用英文回答以下問題（每題 2 分）：
（一）Spelman and Brown 的研究報告發表於哪一年？ In 1984.
（二）在 Spelman and Brown 的研究之前，哪個城市警察局做過類似研究？ In Kansas City（堪薩斯城）
（三）Spelman and Brown 的研究是在哪個部門的支持下進行？ The National Institute of Justice（國家司法研究院）
（四）Spelman and Brown 研究的實證資料係蒐集自幾個美國城市？ Four Cities
根據以上內容，用中文回答以下問題（每題 3 分）：
（五）Spelman and Brown 所要挑戰的研究假設是什麼？
接到報案電話後，警方若在最短時間內趕赴刑案現場，將能彰顯打擊犯罪的成效。
（六）在 Spelman and Brown 研究之前的類似研究，有何研究發現？
沒有足夠證據顯示：警方接到報案電話後採取的快速反應行動，能有效遏阻犯罪。
（七）Spelman and Brown 研究的實證資料來自 4000 個研究對象，這些研究對象 是每個案件中的什麼人？
被害人，目擊者，以及路人等人。
（八）“dogma of police administrators”的意義為何？
警方管理人員的教義想法。
四、 Essay（30 分）
Write an essay on the following topic. The length of your essay should be no less than 100 words and no more than 200 words. “Mobile Police Station” and its Impacts
This type of police station isn’t bound by the limitation of being still in a location, making it more convenient to track down where the outlaws hide in and make them arrested with a lower degree of difficulty. Under this circumstance, residents in a neighborhood would feel stronger security by the more frequent patrols of a mobile vehicle, i.e. a mobile police station.
There’s another function a mobile police station can do. When tourists get lost or encounter any accidents in a mountain while hiking, a mobile police station may show up and rescue the tourists within a short time. Generally speaking, every time a mobile police station is deployed, added technological equipment would also function, with the aid of satellite communications. Whoever the objects are, the crooked or the good, even those in need, the police may locate where they are by using the advanced system of GPS.
There are corners with a rare population on Earth, such as deserts, frigid zones, and canyons. In the future, once there are more mobile police stations in more countries, the power of their security would cover more districts, guarding the lives of natives and even suppressing criminal activities in inhospitable locations.
